IBM

IBM was incorporated on 16 June 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, formed through a merger arranged by the financier Charles Ranlett Flint.^1, 6, 8

The company took the name International Business Machines in 1924 and is headquartered in Armonk, New York, where Arvind Krishna serves as chairman, president and chief executive officer.^{1, 2, 7, 8}

IBM Research developed the first Granite foundation models, Granite.13b.instruct and Granite.13b.chat, which IBM announced in September 2023 for its watsonx.ai studio, describing the Granite family as applying generative AI to both language and code.⁵

On 6 May 2024 IBM Research released a family of Granite code models, from 3 to 34 billion parameters and trained on 116 programming languages, under the Apache 2.0 license.¹¹

Granite 3.0 followed on 21 October 2024, and Granite 4.0 on 2 October 2025, both under the Apache 2.0 license.^{12, 13, 14}

IBM released the Granite 4.2 language models on 25 August 2026 in 3B, 8B and 30B sizes, adding built-in step-by-step reasoning for agentic workflows.^4, 15

IBM describes Granite as open source under the Apache 2.0 license, and the current models are released as open weights.^3, 4

The watsonx platform that serves these models through an API runs in regional data centers in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia and Canada on IBM Cloud, plus India and the United States on AWS.^9, 10